Sandstones have been widely used to build most of the global historical structures, such as the Amber Fort (Rajasthan) and Heidelberg Castle (Baden-Württemberg). The impact of fires has been examined in this study due to the rising frequency of such incidents in recent years, such as the Notre Dame fire in 2019. Elevated temperatures cause physico-mechanical changes in rocks, affecting their inherent strength and failure properties. To develop acceptable restoration techniques for fire-damaged structures, thermally induced changes must be measured. So, this research investigates the impact of thermal changes on the elastic modulus using destructive and non-destructive approaches. These methods are essential for rock behavior analysis because they function together to explore the characteristics and functions of rocks under various circumstances. This study investigates the damage of sandstone under elevated temperatures by using the various ratios of wave velocities and elastic modulus. Both destructive and non-destructive approaches are applied to test the cooling treatments of the thermally treated rock. The results show that the elastic modulus of sandstone decreases for all treatments, but the rate of decrease differs between the two approaches. This implies that the elastic properties of sandstone are influenced by multiple factors. Since sandstone is a versatile and abundant rock in India with varied uses in different fields, the analysis of sandstone is crucial for its optimal utilization and conservation.