Rockbolt is an effective and integral support element in reinforcements and stability of underground excavations. The design of rockbolt requires understanding of stresses in rockmass and its influence on the excavation. Various types of rockbolts are used today, and the way these bolts work under different ground conditions is essential for an optimal and safe design. During the design of NATM/SEM/conventional tunnels, rockbolts are largely used as a temporary support system and the long-term loads are designed to be taken by concrete lining alone. In scenarios like hard rocks with fractures, where kinematic failures govern, rockbolts are most effective in supporting the excavation for long term. Under such conditions, rockbolts can be designed as an effective permanent support and continue to take loads of wedges for full design life. This can help in optimizing the concrete lining thickness, reducing cost, and time in application. The cost and application time of concrete lining can further be optimized by replacing conventional steel rebars with high tensile steel fibers. The Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) also makes the lining more durable by better crack control mechanism. This paper discusses aspects of the permanent rockbolt and SFRC design for applications in tunnels as well the benefits in terms of reduced secondary lining thickness and reduced carbon emissions.

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Design Optimizations Using Permanent Bolts and Steel Fibers for Tunnels: A Step Toward Sustainability

  • Akx Malik,
  • Preksha Chaudhary,
  • D. Arumugam

摘要

Rockbolt is an effective and integral support element in reinforcements and stability of underground excavations. The design of rockbolt requires understanding of stresses in rockmass and its influence on the excavation. Various types of rockbolts are used today, and the way these bolts work under different ground conditions is essential for an optimal and safe design. During the design of NATM/SEM/conventional tunnels, rockbolts are largely used as a temporary support system and the long-term loads are designed to be taken by concrete lining alone. In scenarios like hard rocks with fractures, where kinematic failures govern, rockbolts are most effective in supporting the excavation for long term. Under such conditions, rockbolts can be designed as an effective permanent support and continue to take loads of wedges for full design life. This can help in optimizing the concrete lining thickness, reducing cost, and time in application. The cost and application time of concrete lining can further be optimized by replacing conventional steel rebars with high tensile steel fibers. The Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) also makes the lining more durable by better crack control mechanism. This paper discusses aspects of the permanent rockbolt and SFRC design for applications in tunnels as well the benefits in terms of reduced secondary lining thickness and reduced carbon emissions.