Quiet quitting is the tendency of workers to fulfill minimal responsibilities followed by low emotional involvement as a form of silent withdrawal that has a negative impact on organizational performance and sustainability. This phenomenon is a challenge in the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) within companies that should ensure the psychological well-being of their workers but is often ignored in organizational monitoring. Toxic workplace environment is the main trigger that increases stress and decreases job satisfaction. This research aims to analyze the direct influence of toxic workplace environment on quiet quitting, and explore the mediating role of job stress and job satisfaction. The research used a quantitative approach involving 1257 permanent and non-permanent workers from various private companies in Indonesia. The large number of respondents allows for more representative generalization of findings related to the phenomenon of quiet quitting. This scale allows for stronger generalization of the findings. SmartPLS-based structural modeling was utilized to analyze primary data collected through questionnaires with a Likert scale of 1–5. The research findings suggest that toxic workplace environment has a significant influence on increasing quiet quitting. Job stress acts to strengthen the negative relationship, while job satisfaction acts as a mitigator that suppresses disengagement tendencies. Toxic workplace environment markedly decreases satisfaction and amplifies stress which in turn triggers quiet quitting behavior. This study makes a theoretical contribution to the understanding of quiet quitting dynamics through the lens of workplace stressors. The findings provide valuable insights for human resource management practitioners in private companies in Indonesia regarding strengthening internal CSR through the development of a healthy work environment to provide psychosocial protection and work-life balance to maintain sustainable worker engagement.