Climate and architecture have long been in conversation. Vernacular architecture evolved as a personal reaction to the environment, from the thick mud walls of Mesopotamian dwellings to the sloping roofs of Southeast Asian buildings that were tailored to the monsoon. Local materials, spatial orientation, thermal tactics, and passive ventilation techniques were all infused with architectural expertise in each locale (Roaf, S., & Cheshmehzangi, A. (2025). Persian Vernacular Buildings—Lessons on Resilient Design. In Persian Vernacular Architecture: Lessons from Master Builders of Iran on Climate Resilient Design (pp. 1–12). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.; Toroxel and Silva, Energies 17:1006, 2024). These structures served as active intermediaries between humans and their natural environments in addition to being manifestations of culture and identity. Climate-adapted architecture has historically thrived via long-term observation and lived experience rather than abstract theory—a gradual, generational process of adjusting the built environment to the cycles of nature.

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Designing with Climate: AI for Climate-Responsive Architecture, Urban Form, and Microclimate in a Warming World

  • Ali Cheshmehzangi

摘要

Climate and architecture have long been in conversation. Vernacular architecture evolved as a personal reaction to the environment, from the thick mud walls of Mesopotamian dwellings to the sloping roofs of Southeast Asian buildings that were tailored to the monsoon. Local materials, spatial orientation, thermal tactics, and passive ventilation techniques were all infused with architectural expertise in each locale (Roaf, S., & Cheshmehzangi, A. (2025). Persian Vernacular Buildings—Lessons on Resilient Design. In Persian Vernacular Architecture: Lessons from Master Builders of Iran on Climate Resilient Design (pp. 1–12). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore.; Toroxel and Silva, Energies 17:1006, 2024). These structures served as active intermediaries between humans and their natural environments in addition to being manifestations of culture and identity. Climate-adapted architecture has historically thrived via long-term observation and lived experience rather than abstract theory—a gradual, generational process of adjusting the built environment to the cycles of nature.