Photocatalytic degradation of a group of volatile organic compounds BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes) exhibit significant environmental and health issues. We look at the most important parts of this potential remediation technique, starting with a comprehensive aspect of different photocatalysts. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the key aspects governing the photocatalytic removal of BTEX, beginning with a detailed examination of conventional photocatalysts—including titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO)—as well as next-generation materials such as perovskite oxides, g-C₃N₄-based systems, bismuth-based compounds, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and porous materials like activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, zeolites, and clays. Here we discuss types of photocatalysts, nano structuring, doping, and development of heterojunctions, that are meant to improve light absorption, charge separation, and the availability of active sites. The chapter also goes into detail on how BTEX chemicals break down through photocatalytic processes. This covers how light absorption, electron–hole production, and the creation of very reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydroxyl radicals ( \(OH^{ \bullet }\) ) and superoxide radical ( \(O_{2}^{ \bullet - }\) ) work together in a complex way and these ROS cause the oxidation pathways of BTEX, which turns them into harmless minerals. Lastly, we look at how important operational factors are for making BTEX photocatalytic systems work better like the initial BTEX content, catalyst loading, pH, temperature, light intensity. Overall, this chapter aims to serve as a valuable reference for researchers and practitioners developing environmentally sustainable photocatalytic technologies for BTEX abatement.