‘Arsenic’ is an omnipresent environmental metalloid that emerged as a global threat to public health. Broadly, arsenic in the environment is found in inorganic and organic forms. The aliphatic organoarsenic compounds found in the environment are biogenic in origin, and aromatic, primarily anthropogenic in origin. Aromatic organoarsenic compounds (AOCs) are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to arsenic exposure due to their industrial usage and environmental mobility, in addition to geogenic sources of contamination. This article initially summarized the use of AOCs in industries such as swine and poultry and their environmental fate. Various treatment approaches have been explored for the degradation/removal of AOCs, such as microbial degradation, adsorption, and advanced oxidation. These conventional methods can be significantly enhanced through nanotechnology-based approaches. A nanotechnology-based approach for the degradation and removal of AOCs from water/wastewater and other environmental matrices is reviewed explicitly in this article. Various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanocomposites, nanotubes, nanocubes, nanocrystals, nanofibrous membranes, nanosheets, nanoplates, and nanobiochar, etc. have been developed and utilized for the degradation and removal of AOCs. Nanotechnology can potentially be used for catalytic degradation of the AOCs and simultaneous adsorption of degradation products/by-products. Also, nanomaterials such as nanobiochar, nanofibrous membranes, and nanocrystals have been studied for the adsorptive removal of AOCs from water/wastewater. Comprehensively, this article provides treasured information about how nanotechnology-based approaches can be utilized unaided or in combination with other methods for the degradation/removal of AOCs.