Protecting the brain from oxidative stress is crucial for preventing neurodegenerative diseases and cognitive decline. Antioxidants play a vital role by neutralizing harmful free radicals that damage neurons. An imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense leads to neuronal injury and disease onset. A balanced diet rich in antioxidants, combined with regular exercise, promotes brain health and longevity. Nutrients such as vitamins C and E, flavonoids, polyphenols, and coenzyme Q10 exhibit strong neuroprotective actions. These compounds reduce inflammation, scavenge free radicals, and enhance mitochondrial function. Lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, and social engagement, are key modulators of cognitive health. Socioeconomic conditions and pharmacological interventions also influence brain function and resilience. Integrating dietary and therapeutic antioxidants may offer new preventive and treatment strategies. This chapter emphasizes the holistic role of antioxidant-rich nutrition and healthy living in maintaining brain health.