A major global health concern, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs), such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases affect more than 3 billion people worldwide. These disorders are characterized by dysfunction of synapses, causing the deposition of physiochemically altered protein variants in the brain, neuroinflammation responses, production of ROS species, dysfunction of mitochondria, depletion of neurotransmitters, and simultaneously leading to neuronal loss. Various findings have revealed that the individual’s genetic makeup and environmental factors cause an increase in the risk of NDs. Phytochemicals, the bioactive compounds from plants with promising therapeutic properties, have garnered significant attention in targeting these diseases. These bioactive compounds such as flavonoids (like Quercetin), alkaloids (like Berberine), terpenoids (like curcumin), etc. exhibit multifaceted functions including anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective roles. These phytochemicals also stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, attenuate glial activation, and activate cellular antioxidant responses mediated by the transcription factors Nrf2 and PGC-1α, among other mechanisms, to provide their neuroprotective properties. Despite the promising efforts by modern science to develop solutions, success remains elusive due to challenges such as poor bioavailability, dose standardization, and the limited scope of clinical trials, which hinder their therapeutic applications. To establish phytochemicals as an effective approach in the management of NDDs, additional research and clinical validation are required to improve patient outcomes and achieve the goal of healthy aging.