Developing countries strongly depend on agriculture as their essential sector while facing crucial problems from growing food requirements together with deteriorating soil conditions and climate-induced pressures. Traditional farming falls behind present requirements therefore society must adopt progressive alternatives. Plant nano-biotechnology serves as an innovative technology that combines nanotechnology and biotechnology systems for developing improved farming methods and pest control strategies alongside sustainable agricultural practices. This chapter investigates the past development of nano-biotechnology by defining interaction patterns between nanoparticles and plants combined with a description of multiple nanomaterials and their applications through techniques such as nano-fertilizers, nano-pesticides, precision agriculture, and gene delivery systems. New developments in responsive nanocarrier systems are described with emphasis on their multi-functional properties. The present research field maintains its attention on environmentally smart systems, CRISPR applications, and biodegradable nanomaterials.