In Industry 5.0, the comprehensive release of industrial Internet data elements has become a key factor in reshaping industrial competitiveness. Addressing the challenges faced by blockchain in industrial Internet applications, including limited data-sharing efficiency, vulnerability to quantum attacks, and scalability issues, this paper proposes a data domain and hierarchical sharing scheme based on quantum-resistant blockchain for industrial Internet. First, a multi-chain architecture is developed, where data-sharing domains are classified based on data label attributes and mapped to independent sub chains, supporting dynamic scalability. This approach alleviates the performance bottleneck of single-chain systems, enhancing both data-sharing efficiency and value density. Second, a collaborative storage model integrating quantum-resistant blockchain, multi-chain blockchain, and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is proposed. This model enhances blockchain's resilience to attacks through lattice-based digital signatures and places high-value metadata on-chain, mitigating the storage pressure faced by traditional full-node blockchain systems. Finally, a domain and hierarchy-based access control model is constructed, with fine-grained policies implemented through smart contracts to achieve cross-domain authorization and data manipulation, reducing access latency and improving sharing efficiency. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme enables efficient and rapid access to shared data, ensuring security and scalability in the secure circulation and value release of industrial data elements.