In the secure sharing of data elements, there is a critical need for credible data rights confirmation across the entire domain, secure evidence storage for data transaction behaviors, and traceability of data breaches. However, existing blockchain systems face challenges such as low processing performance and complex deployment. This paper systematically analyzes the threat models of public blockchains, consortium blockchains, and distributed ledgers, defines the core characteristics of distributed evidence ledgers, and proposes a novel Parallel Chain Distributed Evidence Ledger (PCDEL) model. A corresponding Asynchronous Consensus for Certification (ACC) algorithm is designed, which supports dynamic node scaling and asynchronous transaction consensus. Through comprehensive analysis of security, convergence, fault tolerance, and performance metrics, the ACC algorithm demonstrates n-fold improvements in both consensus throughput and storage efficiency compared to traditional blockchain systems. Meanwhile, storage consumption and communication bandwidth are reduced to 1/n, ensuring tamper-proof ledger integrity.