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Blockchain consensus mechanisms serve as the foundational engine that ensures the efficiency and reliability of blockchain systems. However, existing consensus protocols face persistent challenges such as high latency, high energy consumption and low throughout. This work addresses these challenges by investigating and analyzing the current state of blockchain consensus algorithms and protocols. Three key dimensions are explored in this survey, which include Nakamoto consensus, Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, and asynchronous consensus. Findings of this survey provide a concise theoretical framework for the implementation of blockchain consensus mechanisms. Future research directions gathered here aim to serve as a reference for optimizing and designing new consensus protocols.

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Towards Intelligent Blockchain Consensus Technique: Status and Development

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Yang Liu,
  • Yihang Wei,
  • Jing Yu,
  • Nuo Xu,
  • Yuqing Zhang,
  • Chennan Guo,
  • Zihang Yin,
  • Keke Gai

摘要

Blockchain consensus mechanisms serve as the foundational engine that ensures the efficiency and reliability of blockchain systems. However, existing consensus protocols face persistent challenges such as high latency, high energy consumption and low throughout. This work addresses these challenges by investigating and analyzing the current state of blockchain consensus algorithms and protocols. Three key dimensions are explored in this survey, which include Nakamoto consensus, Byzantine fault-tolerant consensus, and asynchronous consensus. Findings of this survey provide a concise theoretical framework for the implementation of blockchain consensus mechanisms. Future research directions gathered here aim to serve as a reference for optimizing and designing new consensus protocols.