Marine algae polysaccharides are gaining attention in anticancer drug delivery because they are biocompatible, demonstrate unique biological activities, and are multifunctional. These are naturally derived polysaccharides that come from various sea algae species and include alginates, fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvans, and agars. The polysaccharides have their own inherent anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. Given that they can form hydrogels, nanoparticles, and capsules, marine algae polysaccharides can lead to controlled and sustained drug release, which is advantageous for treatment efficacy while reducing potential toxicity. Marine algae also respond dynamically to environmental stimuli (pH and enzymes), which enhances targeted delivery to the tumor site while avoiding off-target effects. Although there are potential challenges related to scalability and structural complexity, improvements and advancements in extraction and biotechnological development continue to diminish these challenges. Overall, marine algae polysaccharides represent a novel and more organic strategy to enhance the safety and efficacy of anticancer drug therapy, with development avenues toward further integration into personalized medicine and the creation of combination therapies.