This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of China’s lawfare strategy in the South China Sea, framed within the Three Warfares doctrine—Public Opinion Warfare, Psychological Warfare, and Legal Warfare—formally adopted by the Chinese Communist Party and the People’s Liberation Army in 2003. It reviews the ideological development of China’s lawfare, beginning with Jiang Zemin’s push to instrumentalize international law and culminating in the generals Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui’s doctrine of “unrestricted warfare.” The chapter examines the mechanisms of implementation, highlighting how China coordinates military, political, diplomatic, and legal instruments to advance territorial and maritime claims while undermining adversaries.

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China’s Lawfare in the South China Sea: An Overview

  • Hong Thao Nguyen,
  • Thi Kim Nguyen Tran

摘要

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of China’s lawfare strategy in the South China Sea, framed within the Three Warfares doctrine—Public Opinion Warfare, Psychological Warfare, and Legal Warfare—formally adopted by the Chinese Communist Party and the People’s Liberation Army in 2003. It reviews the ideological development of China’s lawfare, beginning with Jiang Zemin’s push to instrumentalize international law and culminating in the generals Qiao Liang and Wang Xiangsui’s doctrine of “unrestricted warfare.” The chapter examines the mechanisms of implementation, highlighting how China coordinates military, political, diplomatic, and legal instruments to advance territorial and maritime claims while undermining adversaries.