Order Building
摘要
A systematic approach on studying and analysing regional orders, and processes involved in it, can be considered a relatively new field of study. Some would cite Haas as a pioneer of this field, studying the developments in Europe as it underwent significant change with the establishment of European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC). Using it as a case study, Haas (1958) concluded that states are not always driven by self-interest but will pursue integration (even ceding its own sovereignty) for the greater good (an idea he developed into neo-functionalism theory). Regionalism in the 1970s and 1980s further encouraged the study of regional orders (Hurrell, 1995, 2007). Regional Orders emerged as a concept in the 1990s, after the end of the Cold War. Scholars like Acharya, Buzan and Waever began asking questions about the nature of regional orders. Could they for instance be developing along their own security and political logics and independent of the global system. Scholars today are now focused on understanding regional orders. The lateness in which the study has arrived is strange considering that International Relations (IR) has always been concerned with the question of how and why states (in the pursuit of their national interest) organise themselves and exercise their power the way they do. So, inadvertently, the study of IR is primarily about order in its various forms. This is further complicated by there being many regional orders that exist today, each of them exhibiting differences in terms of their characteristics, structures, functions, and actors. Some regional orders are constructed for purposes of security, some for economic cooperation and others, a mixture of both. Regional orders can also be differentiated by their regional architecture, specifically the institutions that manage the regional arrangement in place. Regional orders can also be differentiated by the approaches taken to achieve regional integration. The regional architecture in Asia for example has developed along less formal structurization from the one that has developed in Europe. The focus of this book is to ascertain how regional orders are shaped, but also specifically why they can change both in terms of its characteristics, architectures, and state.