Osteoporosis is a common illness that primarily affects elderly adults and postmenopausal women. In recent years, peptides produced from marine shellfish have attracted interest for their ability to promote bone health. This chapter examines the methodologies for the synthesis and identification of bone-promoting peptides derived from marine shellfish, encompassing virtual screening utilizing computational techniques and in vitro screening focused on bone-related indicators. Additional biochemical techniques, including flexible molecular docking and isothermal titration calorimetry, have been utilized to elucidate the activity and mechanisms of these bone-promoting peptides. The development of osteoblast and osteoclast models, coupled with investigations into signaling pathways, provides cellular-level data for comprehending the effects of the peptides. In animal models, methodologies, including as computed tomography and ultrasound imaging, have been employed to assess the effects of these peptides on osteoporosis. This chapter encapsulates the existing research advancements and provides novel perspectives for forthcoming osteoporosis therapies.