Multi-Threshold 2:1-Multiplexer-Based Novel UT-Vedic 4 × 4-Bit Multiplier
摘要
The speed–power complexity of a hardware multiplier is a major hurdle in the development of AI-hardware accelerators, digital signal/image processors, crypto-processors, etc., to meet the current demand for portable and smart internet of thing (IOT) devices. Parallel-partial product reduction (PRR) offers better speed compared to serial-PPR at the cost of larger hardware complexity and power dissipation. This chapter investigates the performance of novel Vedic Urdhva Tiryagbhyam (UT) binary multiplier constructed using a variable-threshold 2:1-multiplexer-based multi-bit counter. High-threshold, typical-threshold and low-threshold conventional enhancement-type metal oxide semiconductor (E-MOS) transistors are cleverly placed, and their dimensions are adjusted through parametric analysis to reduce power dissipation due to spurious glitches to achieve low-PDP 2:1-mutiplexer with transmission gate (TG)-logic. The 2:1-multiplexer is further utilized to design the required 3:2, 4:3, and 5:3 multi-bit counters. Next, the 4 × 4-bit Vedic multiplier based on Urdhva Tiryagbhyam (UT) sutra is designed, and the partial products are compressed using the proposed multi-bit counter. The proposed circuits are designed and optimized using a 45 nm PDK and operated with a 1.1 V supply at 27 °C. Here, the binary digits “1” and “0” correspond to 1.1 V and ground potential, respectively. The circuit performance under nominal test conditions is compared with other competitive designs in the open literature for benchmarking. Finally, the corner analysis for the multiplier under SS, FF, and TT conditions is performed, and the result is recorded.