Microspore-derived haploid embryos are a vital resource in the development of double haploid plants, substantially improving the efficacy of breeding activities by enabling the production of homozygous lines in a single generation. Conventional breeding techniques often require extensive inbreeding across multiple generations in order to attain homogeneity; however, innovations in haploid development, especially by microspore embryogenesis, have transformed this procedure. A transition from gametophyte growth to haploid development can be triggered under specific conditions, yielding structures genetically identical to haploid spores formed during meiosis. This approach has been successful, resulting in the development of over 300 commercial cultivars across more than 250 crop species, particularly benefiting oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) after the identification of certain varieties with negligible erucic acid concentration. Initial achievements in haploid production in oilseed rape encompassed the identification of spontaneous haploids and the release of the first double haploid variety, “Maris Haplona”. The implementation of in vitro methods, including anther cultures and isolated microspore cultivation, has significantly enhanced haploid production efficiency, with advancements such as heat-shock treatment and liquid media improving embryogenesis rates. Present investigations continue in optimizing these techniques, addressing challenges like resistant genotypes and lower diploidization rates. Recent advancements in genetic manipulation, particularly CRISPR-Cas9 methodologies, have facilitated the in vivo production of maternal haploids, offering novel opportunities for breeding. As haploid technology becomes a standard component of breeding programmes, its integration with other biotechnological methodologies is anticipated to enhance the development of novel, resilient crop varieties. However, the preference for simpler approaches may present difficulties for the traditional androgenetic methods that have been fundamental to rapeseed breeding for the past 60 years.