This chapter explores gender equity in India’s small-scale fisheries, highlighting the essential yet undervalued role of women across the value chain from harvesting and processing to marketing and resource management. Despite comprising nearly half of the workforce, women face systemic barriers including limited access to resources, decision-making, education, and leadership roles. Beside this, the chapter also overviews gender roles across diverse aquatic systems rivers, reservoirs, wetlands, and estuaries revealing regional differences in women’s participation and empowerment. Issues like gender-based violence, discrimination, and cultural norms further constrain their contributions. However, government interventions, policy reforms, and growing grassroots efforts are fostering inclusive development. Achieving gender equity is not only a matter of social justice but also key to enhancing food security, sustainable resource use, and economic resilience in India’s fisheries sector.