India is one of the world’s largest pool of orchid genetic resources. The Orchidaceae is the largest family of flowering plants. Wild orchids are highly valued for their sheer beauty and variety. They are ecologically important since they offer a variety of medicinal applications, serve as climatic indicators, and signal a healthy forest ecosystem. Because of their beneficial properties, orchids are overexploited for trade and are classified as endangered. Unfortunately, the country’s genetic endowment is eroding at a rapid pace due to risks like habitat degradation and climate change. However, many orchids are at risk due to unsustainable harvests for horticulture, food, or medicinal purposes.These risks have grown too large to tackle on a species-by-species basis within such a vast group as Orchidaceae. To conserve orchids effectively, we must adopt broader strategies that support targeted efforts for the most threatened species. To conserve orchid genetic resources from extinction, a variety of conservation strategies should be implemented with solid scientific support. This chapter highlights the importance of orchids, focusing on their bioactive compounds, historical and pharmaceutical uses, ecological roles, and conservation strategies. Conservation strategies not only safeguard various orchid species, but they also provide the necessary amount of phytochemical extracts for future applications and keep these species from becoming endangered.