This chapter traces the legislative development of human rights protection in China over the past 70 years. The Constitution enshrines the principle that “the State respects and protects human rights,” and the NPC and its Standing Committee have built a comprehensive legal framework to secure civil, political, economic, social, and cultural rights. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the leadership with the core of Xi Jinping has advanced a people-centered development philosophy, promoting the rule of law to protect citizens’ rights and strengthen institutional safeguards. In the new era, human rights legislation has become more complete, transforming “rights on paper” into “rights in action.” It highlights the unity of CPC leadership, people as the masters of the country, and the rule of law as the foundation of this progress, rooted in China’s national conditions and socialist practice. It concludes that the Chinese path to human rights development provides a durable institutional guarantee for continued progress.