The study examines the current status of groundwater quality in the Khalari coalfields of Ranchi district, Jharkhand. Groundwater samples were collected from 11 tubewells in the mining zones and were analyzed during the monsoon season. The pH ranged from 6.54 to 7.48, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) from 109.3 to 616.3 mg/L, and total hardness from 97 to 634 mg/L. Heavy metals like Arsenic were within the acceptable limit of BIS Standards (0.05 mg/L) in site KAGW 7 with a concentration of 0.017 mg/L, KAGW 8 with 0.018, while KAGW 9 showed 0.01 and in KAGW 11 with 0.001 mg/L. Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Iron, Nickel, Lead, Strontium, Zinc and Copper concentrations in overall sampling sites were within the permissible limit. However, manganese concentration exceeded site KAGW 11 with a concentration of 1.289 mg/L, while other sites were within the permissible limit. The Water Quality Index (WQI) at site KAGW 11 showed extremely poor quality, while sites like KAGW 3, 4, 6, 7, 10 showed excellent water quality. Moderate water quality was observed in KAGW 1 and 8, while poor water quality was observed in KAGW 2, 5 and 9. The Heavy Metals Pollution Index (HPI) ranged from excellent to Polluted quality. In sites like KAGW 8, 9, and 10, HPI values were excellent, while KAGW 2, 3 and 5 had polluted quality, and the rest were in the Moderate quality range. The Ecological Risk Index (ERI) for the studied area showed low ecological risk in all the sites. In contrast, the health Hazard Index (HI) for adults in a few sites exceeded in sites KAGW 7, 8 and 9 and for children’s sites like KAGW 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 exceeded the value of 1. Land use land cover (LULC) and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis indicated a decline in dense vegetation cover, whereas normalised difference water index (NDWI) analysis showed water stress conditions in the pre-monsoon season. The results highlight the need for strategies to improve groundwater quality in the studied area.