Microbial antioxidant metabolism is a vital area of research due to its profound implications in essential biology and applied sciences. This chapter explores how microorganisms counteract oxidative stress, encompassing enzymatic systems, including superoxide dismutase and catalase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants, including glutathione and secondary metabolites. The evolutionary diversifications and regulatory networks that decorate microbial survival below oxidative pressure were also examined. A substantial cognizance has been located on microbial metabolites, detailing their antioxidant residences, various types, and mechanisms of motion, along with biotechnological strategies to optimize their production for industrial and therapeutic functions. Recent advances within the area are highlighted, such as metagenomics and multiomics approaches that resolve microbial diversity and characteristics, synthetic biology for engineering antioxidant pathways, and the position of microbiome studies in know-how host–microbe interactions. Innovations are also mentioned, including nanotechnology and exploring extremophilic microbes for novel antioxidants. This chapter discusses the industrial and biomedical packages of microbial antioxidants, from prescription drugs and healthcare to bioelectronics and biosensing. Despite those advancements, demanding situations exist, including scalability, metabolic engineering hurdles, and ecological issues. The chapter outlines future study opportunities to explore and emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to harness microbial antioxidants for sustainable and modern answers.