Metabolic syndrome comprises a cluster of medical conditions, including hypertension, diabetes, excessive abdominal fat, decreased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, raised serum triglycerides, chronic inflammation, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It is a prime public health associated with obesity, physical inactivity, and poor dietary habits. Metabolic syndrome is a principal component of the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The growing incidence of metabolic syndrome has urged interest in developing innovative therapeutics. Despite an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, current treatment remains ineffective. Nanomaterials offer a broad spectrum of therapeutic utility, especially for treating metabolic syndrome with enhanced targeted delivery and early diagnosis using nano-imaging techniques. Among various nanomaterials, carbon-based hybrid nanomaterials (CBHNs) have been demonstrated as promising multifunctional smart theranostic nanomaterials due to their unique combination of carbon-based nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes, carbon dots, graphene, nanodiamonds, and fullerenes) and other functional components, such as polymers, or biomolecules or inorganic nanoparticles. Because of their high surface area, biocompatibility, chemical stability, excellent photostability, optical/fluorescence properties, surface functionalization capacity, tunable properties, biosensing, and the ability to control biological events at the molecular level, these materials provide diverse advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The CBHNs can improve the delivery of therapeutics, improve antioxidant activity, reduce inflammation, and regulate metabolic pathways involved in metabolic syndrome. In this chapter, the potential of CBHNs for the treatment of metabolic syndrome is discussed.