Designing dental implant bridges is essential for restoring both function and aesthetics in edentulous patients. However, existing methods often fall short in efficiency, precision, and reliability, particularly in complex cases. To address these challenges, we propose a stereophotogrammetric-based implant positioning system optimized for full-arch restorations. This study introduces a innovations: a scanning transfer rod (STR) incorporating a surface feature encoding strategy, significantly enhancing tracking robustness in digital impressions; this study also employs a 3D positioning algorithm tailored for the STR, which significantly improves the spatial accuracy of digital impressions, enabling highly precise fit and alignment in implant-supported bridge design. Experimental validation confirms the system’s robustness and exceptional accuracy, achieving a recognition rate exceeding 90% across various pose combinations, along with a precision of 0.0037 mm in vitro. These findings underscore the system’s potential to enhance clinical efficiency, improve treatment predictability, and advance digital workflows in dental implant applications.