Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have emerged as one of the sustainable transformative technologies in the production of biohydrogen. In contrast to the traditional hydrogen production methods, this method utilises the electroactive microorganisms in converting organic waste into hydrogen. The production of hydrogen by this method is very economical, energy efficient and environmentally friendly unlike the traditional methods. The working principle lies in the synergy between the microbes and electrochemical systems used to produce biohydrogen. Some of the most used microbes are Geobacter and Shewanella species as they account for the formation of the biofilms on the anode surfaces which in turn facilitate the electron transfer, which are formed by the oxidation of the organic substrates. The electrons flow towards the cathode, where they will combine with protons and produce the hydrogen. By this method, the circular economy framework is enhanced because it utilises wastewater and agriculture residues to produce biohydrogen. Different configurations of MECs such as single chamber and double chamber are being used, which will vary in terms of performance, scalability, complexity and cost. It is very important in choosing the electrode material as it accounts for cost and enhanced efficiency. In the traditional methods, the electrode materials used are made up of carbon or platinum, while the advanced methods utilise nanostructured and bio-based electrodes to produce biohydrogen in a cost-effective way. Despite the challenges, the efficacy of the MECs can be further enhanced by the integration of advanced technologies IoT/AI, and developing low-cost, scalable reactors will help drive the green energy transitions.