This chapter explores innovative and out-of-the-box approaches to view and tackle the challenges of frequency control in modern power systems with variable inertia. The chapter begins by revisiting the historical reliance on the rate of change of frequency of the center of inertia for estimating the size of loss of generation events, providing a brief evaluation of its underlying assumptions, benefits, and limitations. The discussion extends to alternative approaches, including methods that rely on locally estimated rates of change of frequency as well as solutions based on circuit equations and synchrophasors provided by phasor measurement units. The importance and difficulties of accurate inertia estimation for frequency containment are discussed. The aim is to provide critical insights into the reliability, practical value, and operational feasibility of emerging methods that have gained more popularity in recent years. It demonstrates the necessity for fresh perspectives to create robust and adaptive strategies for maintaining the system’s frequency stability. The chapter also examines the limitations of conventional methods of underfrequency load shedding, identifying challenges such as overshedding, extended periods of low-frequency operation, and vulnerabilities to combined voltage and frequency instability. Suggested solutions include upgrades of local solutions in conjunction with effective centralized approaches to load shedding, alongside emerging possibilities such as fast-acting power injections. Taking advantage of the system frequency response model, it is shown that the optimal response to power disturbances does not necessarily need to follow conventional step functions, contrary to common belief. This emphasizes the critical need for more rigorous and in-depth research efforts. The potential for unconventional service providers, such as households, and distributed generation to contribute to system stability is explored. The chapter concludes by summarizing challenges, progress made so far and research gaps along with suggesting future directions aimed at advancing sustainable and innovative strategies for frequency control in power systems.