This chapter examines Morocco’s political trajectory following the Arab Spring, analysing constitutional reforms, electoral practices, and party dynamics to evaluate the extent of genuine political change. It situates Morocco’s reforms in the context of regional upheavals, emphasizing the monarchy’s strategy of proactive constitutional amendments to pre-empt popular unrest. Employing hybrid regime theory and the concept of upgrading authoritarianism, the analysis assesses how the Moroccan monarchy selectively introduced democratic structures to enhance legitimacy without substantially redistributing political power. Through detailed examinations of the 2011 constitutional reform, the parliamentary elections of 2011, 2016, and 2021, and key political moments including the 2013 government reshuffle and the 2016 political deadlock, the study argues that initial democratic openings were gradually reversed by strategic electoral engineering and informal politics. Political parties, with the rise and fall of the Justice and Development Party (PJD) as the key example, adapted primarily through office-seeking behaviour, operating in constrained political spaces defined by monarchical interests. The chapter concludes that Morocco’s reforms have largely reconfigured the appearance of political participation rather than fundamentally altering entrenched authoritarian dynamics. These dynamics present enduring challenges for democratic transitions in semi-authoritarian contexts.

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

Parliamentary Elections and the Road to Reform in Post–Arab Spring Morocco: Forging a New Political Architecture?

  • Chenxi Ding

摘要

This chapter examines Morocco’s political trajectory following the Arab Spring, analysing constitutional reforms, electoral practices, and party dynamics to evaluate the extent of genuine political change. It situates Morocco’s reforms in the context of regional upheavals, emphasizing the monarchy’s strategy of proactive constitutional amendments to pre-empt popular unrest. Employing hybrid regime theory and the concept of upgrading authoritarianism, the analysis assesses how the Moroccan monarchy selectively introduced democratic structures to enhance legitimacy without substantially redistributing political power. Through detailed examinations of the 2011 constitutional reform, the parliamentary elections of 2011, 2016, and 2021, and key political moments including the 2013 government reshuffle and the 2016 political deadlock, the study argues that initial democratic openings were gradually reversed by strategic electoral engineering and informal politics. Political parties, with the rise and fall of the Justice and Development Party (PJD) as the key example, adapted primarily through office-seeking behaviour, operating in constrained political spaces defined by monarchical interests. The chapter concludes that Morocco’s reforms have largely reconfigured the appearance of political participation rather than fundamentally altering entrenched authoritarian dynamics. These dynamics present enduring challenges for democratic transitions in semi-authoritarian contexts.