Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types affecting women globally. Some of the major risk factors linked with the development of cancer in the breast include aging, genetic mutations, westernized lifestyles, and environmental factors such as radiation. The current conventional treatment modalities for breast cancer, such as chemotherapy, lack selectivity and often induce undesired toxicity in normal cells. However, recent advances in nanomedicine have warranted the development and design of efficient nanocarriers with enhanced therapeutic properties that can allow the conjugation or encapsulation of anticancer drugs. In addition, nanocarriers such as biocompatible liposomes can be stabilized by PEGylation and functionalized using active targeting moieties and cell-specific targeting ligands, e.g., antibodies, within a single platform, thus allowing for controlled drug delivery and release. Likewise, nanocarriers can additionally be conjugated with imaging probes or agents for synchronous diseases monitoring and or for diagnostics. Furthermore, this approach facilitates real-time analysis of therapeutic efficacy and outcomes of nano-theragnostics in breast cancer treatment, thereby facilitating individualized drug design adjustments as per patient needs. Herein, we explore recent advances in nanomedicine with a focus on the use of nano-theragnostic platforms in studies such as in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trials. Lastly, we review and discuss the potential role of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology in CRISPR-nanoparticle platforms, artificial intelligence-driven nanoplatforms covering breast cancer diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives.