As artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms continue to transform various sectors, from healthcare and finance to social media and governance, the need for robust oversight mechanisms has become increasingly critical. This chapter explores the governance of AI-based algorithms, defining it as “the processes, policies, and frameworks established to regulate and oversee the development, deployment, and impact of AI-based algorithms to ensure they are ethical, transparent, and aligned with societal values.” The chapter emphasizes a human-centered AI perspective, advocating for ethical, transparent, fair, and accountable AI governance that prioritizes societal well-being. The discussion begins by providing an overview of AI-based algorithms, their applications, and the challenges they present, including bias, opacity, and accountability gaps. It then examines the fundamental principles necessary for governing AI-based algorithms, including transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, and safety. Additionally, the chapter highlights regulatory and oversight frameworks designed to mitigate AI-related risks while fostering responsible innovation. By integrating human-centered governance approaches, this chapter underscores the importance of aligning AI algorithms with human values and societal needs. The analysis also examines mechanisms for evaluating AI models, ensuring ethical deployment, and establishing accountability structures that safeguard against potential harm. Ultimately, the chapter contributes to the broader discourse on AI governance, offering insights into how responsible and equitable AI systems can be developed and implemented in alignment with global ethical standards.