International Governance of AI
摘要
AI applications are growing more powerful and are having greater international and transnational effects. In response, a “law” of AI is emerging out of the interactions of international actors and the formal and informal norms that are being developed to steer AI. The basic tenet of human-centered AI (HCAI), that artificial intelligence should be developed and deployed to benefit humans, is broadly accepted by the international community, yet the challenge is how to translate principles consistent with HCAI into concrete action and results. It can be argued that the major actors in international AI governance: nation states, international organizations, private businesses, and civil society are in fact attempting to do so. HCAI principles inform the work of international organizations such as the United Nations and the OECD in their responses to AI and of regional efforts to govern AI in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, and North America. Because international human rights are also broadly accepted by the international community, its relationship to HCAI is also explored. It would be naïve, however, to think that these approaches are going unchallenged. The international actors shaping AI governance act out of sometimes overlapping and sometimes conflicting concerns and motivations. Diverging national and regional interests, the question of equity in international affairs and governance, the impact of AI on the environment, and the possibility of powerful AI systems, among other issues, challenge the idea of AI governance, particularly in a new international climate in which the very idea of a rules-based international order is being called into question.