This chapter explores the emerging field of remote operation of automated vehicles, with the focus on integrating human factors, traffic engineering, and operation research to enhance safety and efficiency. As automated vehicles become more prevalent, but before the full autonomy is achieved, the role of remote operators is emphasized as crucial for managing potential automation failures and ensuring human controllability. The chapter discusses the challenges of maintaining vigilance, managing cognitive load, and ensuring timely interventions in dynamic environments in remote operation. Innovative approaches are introduced to address these challenges, including the development of proactive operation systems that utilize advanced artificial intelligence (AI) for predictive traffic management and optimized task allocation. By enhancing operator interfaces and improving system responsiveness, these advancements aim to create a more reliable and intuitive framework of remote operation that safeguards human oversight and control. This research sets the groundwork for future developments in automated vehicle operations and highlights the importance of human-centered design in achieving safe and efficient transportation solutions with AI assistance.