Addressing the environmental impact associated with technology at large has long been identified by legislation as one crucial overarching issue. The low-carbon economy and resource efficiency have been identified since 2010 as two of the three primary objectives for sustainable growth. From the business perspective, the promotion of resource efficiency and social and eco-innovation has been a primary focus of both industry and policies. Alongside this process, the utilization of smart technologies has been promoted as one of the main policies in connection with the strategy, helping implement visions ranging from zero waste to a closed-loop economy and reducing CO2 emissions. However, the scope and possibilities offered by these, let alone their actual potential, remain largely uncharted. At the same time, a variety of organizations have lobbied for the reinforcement of the use of smart technologies to support businesses in adopting environmentally friendly practices. Receiving relatively little attention, on the other hand, is the significant operational problem that arises for companies in interacting with policy in this domain. This end of the policy process has been thought of as characterized by uncertainty, leading to underinvestment in products and markets, thus impeding policy objectives. Amidst this lack of attention, companies have started to use innovative, environmentally friendly measures, sometimes in an unsystematic way, often for reasons that are more related to incoming demand rather than strategic thinking. Meanwhile, businesses continue to suffer from the divergent and uncoordinated nature of environmental regulations, often causing what they see as policy-induced environmental innovation costs. At the same time, there is some evidence that barriers have changed over time, showing that innovations in various environmental and energy technologies have effectively, if gradually, addressed specific technical or economic difficulties over time.