The theme of the current project revolves around the issue of “decoupling” between economic growth and environmental pressure. Some analysts have put forward the thesis of decoupling as a possible optimistic solution to the trade-off between economic progress and the exploitation of environmental heritage. The conventional Kuznets curve theory suggests that environmental degradation first increases and then decreases over time as income increases. Others have rejected this optimistic view and maintain that decoupling is not an empirical fact; the evidence that seems to support decoupling has been misunderstood, and the decoupling thesis lacks a theoretical foundation. It is then seen that it lacks a precise identification of the factors or determinants that support the process of decoupling. Various theories of growth have contributed to the theme of pollution and environmental degradation. The literature on endogenous growth with negative and positive environmental effects has underlined the role of various factors or causes in determining the relationship between pollution and growth. Policies aimed at reducing environmental impact and promoting strategic growth are of particular interest as the physical capacity of the earth to support human activities in the long run is strictly limited. We define the concept of sustainable development as the creation of conditions that allow for meeting the needs of the present without compromising the possibility for future generations to meet their own needs. A fundamental component of sustainable development policies is, therefore, that which tends to separate economic development from the degradation of the environment. Economic growth has traditionally been linked to increased production and greater consumption of fuel and raw materials, resulting in increased pollution of the environment and an increase in the production of waste.