Sustainable development is increasingly recognized as the overarching goal of development, as different case studies as demonstrated in this chapter. Countries aim to tackle the immediate challenges of rapid population growth and urbanization without going beyond the planet’s ecological boundaries. Successful development requires redressing systemic inequities and ensuring access to the necessary resources for human well-being without exerting a negative influence on the welfare of any other people or beyond the carrying capacity of ecosystems. It requires managing the risks of a changing climate, avoiding abrupt impacts driven by the potential failure of critical natural systems or the sudden social responses to perceived injustices, and providing resources to people to adapt to such changes. Development investments made today should ensure that future generations inherit an environment capable of meeting their needs and providing other ecosystem goods and services. The concept of green growth serves as policy guidance for sustainable development, offering a framework to help countries pursue the economic growth needed to eradicate poverty while managing critical natural assets prudently and efficiently, and thereby reduce risks to human well-being. A green-growth path is characterized by resilient growth, as well as being socially inclusive. Unlike traditional measures of economic growth, green growth is not simply growth that minimizes environmental harm. Nor does it imply a trade-off between economic growth and environmental sustainability, or between economic efficiency and social equity. Successful green-growth strategies recognize natural capital as a productive input in the economic process and a source of life. If increases in other forms of capital do not offset the losses in natural capital, and if people with low incomes are forced to marginal lands with few ecosystem services, growth is unlikely to be either sustainable or pro-poor. No country, whether developed or developing, can claim to have achieved green growth if it allows the depletion and degradation of critical stocks of natural assets or exploits future generations or other societies in order to live beyond its means.