The Future of Work in a Green Economy: AI, Automation, and Workforce Transformation
摘要
There is widespread concern that the growing use of artificial intelligence and automation is creating a crisis for workers. We examine many of the proposed solutions and emphasize the need for a nonexclusionary, fast, and coordinated response. To date, proposals aimed at limiting AI and automation have either come from economic interests that aim to protect or increase their market power by excluding competitors or from people worried about losing their jobs who feel excluded from the political power structure. Ironically, these two sides of the debate seem to be united in their desire to halt or slow down AI and automation. Instead, we propose a consensus-based, labor-friendly framework. Such a coordinated framework has three main components. First and most importantly, we propose investing in upgrading and transforming work. This policy would make the workforce more resilient to automation and AI. Most workers need to gain new skills in order to embrace the emerging digital economy. A job transformation implies a sustained effort to train millions of workers for better jobs and lifelong learning. Second, we suggest adopting policies to mitigate the possible downsides of AI and automation. Since most automation would happen without any worker dislocation, unless we want to slow down progress, we need policies aimed at dealing with its consequences, not limiting its reach. Third, we discuss the complex transition policies that might target the few workers who would gain little from the economic benefits of large corporations.