Mentha piperita, commonly known as peppermint, is a hybrid plant renowned for its therapeutic properties and rich phytochemical profile. This chapter explores the medicinal and nutritional applications of peppermint, supported by an extensive body of scientific literature. Peppermint’s primary bioactive constituents—menthol, menthone, and rosmarinic acid—contribute to its diverse health benefits, which include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic effects. These compounds interact with various biological pathways, providing relief from gastrointestinal, respiratory, and dermatological conditions. The nutritional profile of peppermint reveals its contributions to essential vitamin and mineral intake, offering vitamins A and C, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and dietary fiber. These nutrients support immune function, bone health, and digestive wellness, highlighting peppermint’s role as a functional food in health promotion and disease prevention. Clinical trials have demonstrated peppermint’s efficacy in managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), respiratory conditions, cognitive performance, and skin disorders, affirming its place in both traditional and modern medicine. In modern therapeutic applications, peppermint is gaining attention for its potential cardiovascular benefits, cognitive enhancement, and immune-modulatory effects. With a favorable safety profile and well-defined dosing guidelines, peppermint serves as a safe and effective complementary therapy. Future research directions include exploring its pharmacokinetics, optimizing delivery systems, and investigating emerging applications such as antiviral and mental health support. This chapter underscores peppermint’s significance as a versatile herb, bridging traditional practices and evidence-based healthcare, with promising implications for integrative medicine and preventative health strategies.