Trachyspermum ammi (commonly known as ajwain or carom seeds) is a traditional medicinal plant with a diverse array of bioactive compounds that offer significant health benefits. This chapter explores the therapeutic and nutritional potential of T. ammi in promoting human health. Rich in essential oils, phenolic compounds and flavonoids, T. ammi has demonstrated remarkable pharmacological activities including analgesic, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Its active compounds, primarily thymol, contribute to its efficacy against various pathogens, and recent studies indicate its potential in managing conditions like hypertension, hyperlipidemia and digestive disorders. Nutritionally, T. ammi seeds are a valuable source of fibre, essential fatty acids and minerals, supporting gut health and aiding in cholesterol management. Emerging research also highlights its potential roles in antiviral activities and enzyme modulation, contributing to metabolic and immune support. With its broad-spectrum therapeutic effects and nutritional benefits, T. ammi holds promise as a complementary approach to conventional medicine and as a functional food for preventive health. This chapter delves into its bioactive mechanisms, clinical applications and future directions for research, emphasizing its value in both traditional and modern healthcare paradigms.