Cannabis sativa (C. sativa) possesses therapeutic potential, contributing to its historical use in ethnomedicine and pharmacology. C. sativa generates a distinctive category of terpenophenolic chemicals referred to as cannabinoids, and the therapeutic use of cannabinoids from C. sativa includes rheumatism, epilepsy, asthma, skin burns, pain, control of sexually transmitted infections, complications during childbirth, postpartum hemorrhage, and gastrointestinal function. The use of C. sativa remains constrained due to its illegality in several countries. This chapter aims to elucidate the biological potential of C. sativa phytocompounds in the management of pain, neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. This chapter additionally addressed the therapeutic significance and applications of cannabis in the prevention and treatment of life-threatening disorders. Furthermore, psychotropic cannabinoids derived from C. sativa were investigated, and the corresponding clinical findings were thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, the nutritional profile of C. sativa seeds, including proteins, essential fatty acids (omega-3 and omega-6), vitamins, and minerals, was reviewed in details.