Liquid biopsy is changing how we detect and monitor cancer. By analyzing small traces of tumor DNA and cells in body fluids such as blood and urine, we can now track cancer without needing invasive surgery or tissue samples. This chapter explores how modern biotechnology tools are making liquid biopsy more accurate and useful. Covering a spectrum of cutting-edge methodologies, the chapter explores the isolation and analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), and various biomarkers indicative of cancer progression. The key topics for the proposed book chapter include the utilization of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) for the high-throughput profiling of genetic alterations in liquid biopsy samples, enabling comprehensive genomic characterization of tumors. As liquid biopsy continues to evolve as a dynamic field, this book chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and biotechnologists seeking a deeper understanding of the biotechnological landscape shaping the liquid biopsy paradigm in cancer diagnostics and monitoring.