This book chapter provides an in-depth exploration of nutrigenomics, an emerging field that explores the complex relationship between genetics and nutrition. By investigating how dietary components influence gene expression and how genetic variations shape individual responses to nutrients, nutrigenomics lays the foundation for personalized nutrition. It emphasizes the potential to tailor dietary recommendations based on an individual’s genetic makeup, aiming to optimize overall well-being. The chapter highlights the significant role of the gut microbiome in modulating gene-diet interactions, which influence nutrient metabolism, immune function, and physiological responses to dietary intake. Additionally, the integration of metabolomics with nutrigenomics offers deeper insights into metabolic pathways, facilitating the impact of precise nutritional interventions tailored to an individual’s genetic and biochemical profile. Key topics covered include the impact of nutrigenomics on gut health, metabolic disorders, as well as its relevance in cancer prevention and neurodegenerative diseases. The chapter also addresses the potential challenges in nutrigenomics, such as the complexity of gene-diet interactions, ethical considerations, and the need for large-scale validation studies. Despite these challenges, the chapter concludes with a forward-looking perspective, emphasizing how advancements in nutrigenomics, integrated with genomics, metabolomics, and microbiome data, will likely revolutionize personalized nutrition and contribute to improved health outcome.