Abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought significantly affect crop physiology and morphology, leading to reduced yield and productivity. Elicitors, which are bioactive compounds derived from biotic or abiotic sources, have emerged as beneficial agents in enhancing crop tolerance against these stresses. This chapter explores the role of elicitors in modulating crop physiology and morphology under adverse environmental conditions. Elicitors can be categorized into abiotic (chemical and physical) and biotic (microbial and plant-derived) groups. Their mechanisms of action involve stress sensing, activation of plant defense pathways, signal transduction, and regulation of stress-responsive genes. These processes contribute to enhanced photosynthesis, improved water use efficiency, and better nutrient uptake. Furthermore, elicitors promote physiological adaptations such as osmoregulation and hormonal balance, which are critical for plant survival under stress. Morphologically, elicitors influence root architecture, leading to deeper and more efficient root systems that facilitate water and nutrient acquisition. They also reinforce the structural integrity of leaves and stems, enhancing the plant’s ability to withstand environmental stressors. Additionally, elicitor-mediated responses support reproductive development, ensuring sustained crop productivity even under unfavorable conditions. The application of elicitors in agricultural practices is gaining attention due to their potential in sustainable crop management. Methods such as foliar sprays, soil treatments, and seed priming have demonstrated significant improvements in stress tolerance. Elicitors have shown potential in alleviating the effects of drought, salinity, temperature extremes, and oxidative stress, making them valuable methods for climate-resilient agriculture. In conclusion, elicitors play a vital role in enhancing crop physiology and morphology under abiotic stress conditions. Further research into their mechanisms and large-scale applications could provide innovative solutions for improving crop tolerance and production facing global climate challenges.