With the increasing frequency of climate change and natural disasters, the efficiency of disaster response has become of utmost importance. Resource-constrained terminals have weak computing power, cloud computing suffers from high latency, and edge computing is difficult to deploy. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), with their advantages of mobility and low cost, assist in cloud-edge collaboration. This paper proposes a blockchain - based collaborative identity authentication scheme for terminals, UAVs, and clouds, aiming to enhance the real - time performance and security of terminals, UAVs, and cloud centers in disaster handling. This research designs an identity authentication scheme that leverages blockchain to ensure security, including registration, authentication, and revocation processes. Security and performance analyses confirm its advantages in resisting attacks and optimization, providing an efficient and secure communication solution for disaster response.