The integration of nanotechnology in the paper industry represents a transformative advancement in enhancing the surface properties of paper products. This chapter examines the innovative potential of nanocoating, whose nanoscale dimensions and unique physicochemical properties offer significant enhancements in paper functionality and performance. Starting with an overview of the importance of surface properties in various paper applications, the chapter outlines the challenges and opportunities associated with the use of nanocoatings. A detailed exploration of the fundamentals of nanocoatings follows, including their classification into polymer-based, inorganic, and hybrid types, as well as an examination of the mechanisms by which these coatings enhance surface attributes. The chapter also covers the synthesis and application techniques of nanocoating, such as layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, sol–gel processes, and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), along with other advanced methodologies, for example, electrospinning and dip coating. The discussion then transitions to specific application methods that are tailored for the paper industry, emphasizing techniques such as high-speed blade coating, rod coating, spray coating, and inkjet printing. Various types of nanocoatings are examined, including hydrophobic, antimicrobial, barrier, conductive, and mechanical reinforcement coatings, each designed to enhance specific paper qualities. Environmental and economic considerations, including its sustainability, cost–benefit analysis, and regulatory aspects, are also addressed. The chapter concludes with a forward-looking perspective on emerging nanomaterials, multifunctional and smart coatings, and the integration of nanotechnology with digital and smart packaging, thereby offering valuable insights into future research and development in the field.