The paper industry is a notable and widely used industry in the world. On the other hand, this industry is facing major challenges. Solutions, such as using nanoparticles (NPs), have been proposed to address some of these challenges. Therefore, due to various inputs and NPs in this industry, papermaking is dealing with environmental challenges. Based on this, investigating, evaluating, and identifying hot spots from an environmental investigation perspective and obtaining effective input can clarify the perspective for future policies in this industry. This chapter takes a comprehensive approach to providing a taxonomy in the field of NP application in papermaking, ensuring that the reader is well-informed. The following explains the importance of life cycle assessment (LCA) in this field. The following examines various inputs in the environmental subset and reviews the process from the perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA). This chapter highlights the challenges of using nanoparticles (NPs) in papermaking using a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach.