This chapter addresses CO₂ emissions from key industrial sectors—steel, cement, and chemicals—and their substantial contribution to global warming. Collectively, these sectors account for approximately 25% of total global CO₂ emissions, making the industrial domain a critical focus for climate mitigation efforts. This chapter begins with an analysis of the steel industry, where the use of coke for iron ore reduction is a major source of emissions. It then examines the cement industry, highlighting both combustion-related emissions and those from limestone calcination. The chemical industry’s dependence on fossil fuels as both energy and feedstocks is also scrutinized. Additionally, this chapter considers the growing problem of plastic waste and its environmental consequences. Each sector is evaluated in terms of emission sources, technological constraints, and the limited potential for electrification. This chapter concludes by arguing that scalable chemical solutions—such as converting captured CO₂ into methanol—are essential for meaningful decarbonization in these hard-to-abate sectors.