This paper proposes methods for identifying and managing social stability risks based on public communication for new nuclear power projects. These methods can be used to analyze and identify risk factors related to social stability during the early stages of project development, thereby reducing overall public opinion risks associated with the project. Through research, the paper establishes screening principles to categorize public communication targets. It identifies seven key areas requiring attention for risk identification, including local government attitudes, public attitudes, public opinion environment, adjacent area situations, policy support, organizational operations, and project conditions. For each area, a database of social stability risk factors is established, comprising a total of 21 risk factors. The paper also studies methods for determining risk probability, impact level, and risk degree. Finally, using a specific new nuclear power project as an example, the research results are applied and verified.