In the context of environmental sustainability and technological innovation, the need for alternative materials for effective radiation shielding has become increasingly pressing. Epoxy resin composites, known for their mechanical strength and radiation resistance, are a suitable candidate for radiation shielding. Spent coffee ground (SCG) with its high carbon composition, shows promise as a radiation shielding material. The main objective of this paper is to review the current development in epoxy resin-based composite material and the valorization of SCG. The review begins with an overview of epoxy resin composites, discussing their composition, various types, fillers, processing techniques and broad industrial applications. Furthermore, this review delves into the global dynamics of the coffee industry and the environmental implications of SCG waste, highlighting the potential of SCGs as a sustainable filler. SCG is analyzed as a promising bio-filler, focusing on its unique properties, valorization in advanced composite material and its role in reducing waste while enhancing composite material properties. Future studies may focus on further investigating the epoxy resin-SCG composite to optimize its performance and expand its application in radiation shielding.