Social work as a human rights profession has always been a pioneer for children’s rights, which are globally constantly under attack for various reasons. Children face a multitude of challenges ranging from poverty to the effects of climate change threatening their well-being. In this chapter children’s rights will be contextualized by relaying its history. The deliberate steps that the United Nations took in establishing the Convention on the Rights of the Child in a worldwide collective effort to safeguard children’s rights will be highlighted. The African Commission that took a similar step by drafting the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child will be highlighted. Together with this convention and charter countries in several regions of the world have committed themselves through coalitions and strategies to advance the protection of children’s rights. These global pledges to uphold children’s rights provide a framework for social workers to implement rights-based social work practice with children informed by principles such as human dignity, non-discrimination, participation, transparency, and accountability. The chapter will present suggestions for practice and policy and will indicate the tensions that exist challenging the concept of children’s rights.