This paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the current status and prevalent challenges in the digital transformation of the engineering domain within China's nuclear power industry chain. Utilizing the root cause analysis method, the study identifies several key issues: an absence of comprehensive top-level planning, incomplete supporting infrastructures, a fragile data governance framework, inadequate research and development (R&D) in foundational information technology, limited innovation in business applications, and a pressing need to bolster network security and data protection measures. To address these challenges, this paper integrates the TOGAF framework and system engineering methodology to propose a multifaceted approach. The proposed measures include: formulating an encompassing top-level plan, refining related regulations, establishing a robust data governance system, intensifying R&D efforts in fundamental information technology, fostering digital transformations in business areas, and elevating the standards of network and data security. By implementing these strategies, the study aims to ensure the sustained development and progress of the nuclear power industry.